Need help with basic information???

The top advice I would give you is to take lessons. Find a good instructor and sign up as quickly as you can. As a beginner, you haven't ingrained any bad habits yet and will benefit tremendously. You'll recoup the money you spend on lessons just from losing less balls every time you play, and you'll be a much better golfer.

To specifically answer your questions, I'd recommend you take a look at the source links below. The first is specifically about the different types of clubs. The second is a good general overview of all things a beginner would want to know about golf, from etiquette to rules to scoring to safety etc.

Which clubs to use from which distance is a completely individual issue. One player may hit a club 100 yards and a different player might hit the same club 180 yards. You'll learn through lots of practice what distance you personally hit each individual club. It also could depend on the shot you're trying to make. From 5 feet off the green you might use anything from a lob wedge for a pitch shot or a 6 iron to chip it on.

There is a good book by Golf Mag, called their "Golf Primer". It has articles and teaching for every different level of player designed for that particular group. Why I recommend their book is that you can use the beginner info now; then later, use the other info as you improve. Besides lessons, which always help, I would choose group at first for two reasons. It's cheaper and it will introduce you to others who are at same level, generating friendships. Now as to a specific answer for your question, most people avg. about 8-12 yards difference between each iron. What I would do, when you get a little more consistent, is go to a range that has yardage markers. Hit about 15 shots with your 7 iron for example, throw out your low/short few and long/high few, and get your average. Then try with your 5 iron, same thing. That will give you a guage and you can then decide what differences you hit your clubs. For example, I generally am 10 yards different between my irons (carry difference).

Buy Jack Nicklaus' book, Golf My Way. Ben Hogan's book, 7 Fundamentals of Golf. Videos at the local golf shop. Subscribe to Golf Digest and Golf Magazine. Take lessons. Do not try to judge distances to hit different clubs by what the men pros do on TV. You will be doing very good if your distances with each club are pretty close to the shorter hitting women professionals.

www.golfonline.com

www.golfdigest.com

You are far too early in the learning process to even be thinking about this. You need to develop a consistent swing and only then will you learn how far to hit each club. For now go out and hit the 6 or 7 iron and determine how far you hit the ball with that club. As a general rule and remembering that it differs for every golfer add 10 yard for each club you go down. A 6 iron would go 10 yards farther than a 7 iron. Subtract 10 yards for every club you go up. In time you will get to know you precise distances. You will than need to learn how to adjust for wind, temperature and whether you are going up hill down hill or are relatively flat as well as Altitude, Adrenalin and all the other factors that can affect the distance. You are too early for Internet links and other information that can only add to the confusion when your only concern should be to develop a swing.

When you go to the range, don't just pull out your driver. Actually use the range--hit different irons and see how far they go. The higher the number the higher the ball should go, and the less distance. Take some lessons. Get videos and books from the library.

here are some general tips on golf which might be useful

http://www.easygolftips.net/

Go take a few lessons.

http://golf.about.com/

this helped me greatly when i started with all the basic stuff.