What are COORDINATION Compounds?

Dude, I'm not going to do your whole assignment for you. But here's some general info; you can take it from there.

Coordination compounds (also called ligands) are substances that are able to form coordinate covalent bonds with metal ions. Most polar molecules may act as coordination compounds; for example NH3 may bond with Ag+ to form the complex ion

[Ag(NH3)2]+

The Werner theory states that metals have two valencies. The primary valency is satisfied by bonding with negative ions. The secondary valency (also called the coordination number) is satisfied by bonding covalently with either negative ions or neutral molecules.

Formulas are given as shown above: the complex ion is enclosed in brackets, with the ligand shown in parentheses: [Ag(NH3)2]+. If the compound is a salt containing the complex ion, the complex ion remains in brackets: [Ag(NH3)2]Br.

Naming is based on the ligand(s) and the valence state of the metal. Each ligand determines a prefix. For anionic ligands, usually you drop the suffix and replace it with -o. For example, oxide (O--) becomes oxo-; hydroxide (OH-) becomes hydroxo; etc. Neutral ligands also create prefixes, but usually the name doesn't change. Some exceptions: H2O is aqua-; NH3 is ammine (there are others). If more than one of the ligand is present, the prefix gets a prefix (di- for 2, tri- for 3, tetra- for 4, etc.).

String the prefixes together, with ionic ligands first, then neutral ones, then the name of the metal. If the complex is an anion, add the suffix -ate. Finally, the valence state of the central metal ion is given as a roman numeral in parentheses.

For the exampe we've been using, [Ag(NH3)2]+, applying the rules gives the name Diamminesilver(I).

Color in coordination compounds is caused by absorption of light when a d-orbital electron is excited to a higher energy state. Since many of these frequencies correspond to visible light, the result is a colored compound. Coordination compounds have been used in paints and dyes for centuries (despite the fact that many are highly toxic.)

Hopefully that will get you started. Do a google search for "coordination chemistry" and you should find the rest pretty easily.

Happy hunting.

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