explain, in as much detail as possible, how they work. You can use a diagram as long as it is labeled.?

Phagocytosis is basically the process in which a cell "eats" a bacteria or other dead cells or other debris.

In the immune system, the macrophages engulfs an invading pathogens and presents pieces of the pathogen or antigens on its surface. The antigens get picked up by T Helper cells which initiates an immune response (usually via production of antibodies). (See source for T helper cell)

Inflammation is an innate autoimmune response to infection:

- it dilates the blood vessels (vasodilation), allowing white blood cells to seep into the surrounding tissue.

- it "turns up the heat" which makes it difficult for pathogens to survive and also attracts more white blood cells to the region.

- it triggers the release of certain enzymes that are toxic to pathogens (lysozyme, cathelicidins , and defensins).

Of course inflammation is not good in the long term, since the inflammation conditions are also hostile to cells.

(See sources for diagrams)