What gears or turbines or clutches are to be found in Toyota's "Hybrid Sinergy Drive"?

There are no turbines and usually no clutches in the Toyota HSD system, and with the exception of a couple Lexus models it never switches any gears. It is spelled Synergy. The Wiki pages pretty much explain it all and I have included the links in the sources along with a couple others. In most of the vehicles the only thing that ever shifts is the parking pawl.

Usual operation:

From a stop with the ICE off: MG2 is powered in the desired direction of travel (forward for drive, backwards for reverse) to get the vehicle moving. Once the vehicle reaches a certain speed (depending on throttle pedal position) MG1 is braked to a stop or driven forward which forces the ICE crank to rotate thus starting it. ICE operation is possible in reverse but since its torque always tries to move the vehicle forward it only runs if MG2 is capable of overpowering it enough to move the vehicle backwards.

Rolling ICE on: Part of the ICE power goes directly from planet to ring thus driving the wheels, the other part goes planet to sun thus driving MG1 forward and the electricity is used to recharge the HV battery and/or goes to MG2 to help power the vehicle. if accelerating hard power is drawn from the HV battery and sent to MG2.

Highway cruise: power is drawn from MG2 to drive MG1 backwards thus slowing down the ICE which simulates overdrive.

Coasting above 42MPH: the fuel injectors stop pulsing and power is drawn from MG1 and sent to the HV battery to keep the the engine crank turning at an idle speed. This is to prevent MG1 from spinning too fast and to simulate the slight engine braking of a conventional automatic vehicle.

Coasting below 42: same as above except the ICE stops completely.

Regen braking: power is drawn from MG2 and sent to the HV battery.