Physics: Light vs Pigment- What is the difference between pigment color and color seen from a light?

At first glance they seem to be the same. After all light is light. But there is one important difference. the color of a colored light is an absolute. The color of a pigment depends on the light that shines on it.

A pigment works by reflecting some colors and absorbing others. If you look at a yellow object under white light it will reflect yellow with some red and green. If instead you shine a red light on it then its color will change - it will become distinctly orangey.

This is complicated by the adaptation of the eye. If rather than shining a red light on a single yellow panel you illuminate the entire room by red light then you compensate. This means that although the yellow object is reflecting orange you actually see this as yellow. This happens every day or rather every night. Light bulbs are very red but most objects in the room seem to be the same color as they do in daylight. If you take a photograph at night without using a flashlight then you see objects in their real colors. You would be amazed at how red such a photo looks.

I said most objects look the same. Some colors do look different. This is a phenomenon known as metamerism. That is the reason that people sometimes take cloth outdoors to compare color under daylight rather than artificial light.

Mixing light is called additive mixing. As you add light the result is always lighter.

Red+Green = Yellow

Red+Blue = Magenta

Green+Blue = Cyan

Red+Green+Blue = White

Mixing pigments is subtractive mixing. A pigment removes some light.

A Cyan pigment takes out the Red leaving Green and Blue.

A Yellow pigment takes out the Blue leaving Red and Green

Mixing Cyan with Yellow takes out both Red and Blue leaving Green

Because each additional pigment takes out more light the result of mixing is always darker than the original colors.

Printers use Cyan, Yellow and Magenta inks.

Cyan+Yellow = Green

Cyan+Magenta = Blue

Yellow+Magenta = Red

Cyan+Yellow+Magenta = Black

Actually the last one tends not to make true Black but rather a very dark muddy color. Consequently printers normally use separate black ink to get a good Black.

Mixing Pigments

you see pigments the colour you see them, because they reflect a spectra of light, with certain frequencies, and absorb all others visible to the human eye. if you mix different monochromatic light with different colours (as seen at the tv: red, green and blue this is called additive mixing, or magenta, yellow and cyanide which is the other method) your retina will add the colours up, and sense it as a different colour. (by adding all the three colours at the same intensity, you can create white light)

when mixing pigments (they are chemical substances) you get a new material, which will reflect an other spectra of light, which you will see as a colour

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