how does science relate to math?

Science primarily is about measurement. Measurement gives rise to numbers and shapes and classifications. It allows us to determine similarities and differences.

But simple addition, multiplication, subtraction, division and exponentiation are not the only operations that might be required to compare measurements or the relationships between measurements; which is why we have calculus and tensor analysis and chaos theory (among others).

Because Math is so versatile, it shows many ways in which we can describe reality as accurately as we can. And thus, mathematics becomes the basic language in which we can meaningfully discuss what is out there according to science.

There are certain laws in science that relate different properties to each other in a mathematical way.

For example, force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=m x a) -- if F represents a thrust created by a rocket engine, then the acceleration of the rocket would be equal to this thrust divided by the rocket's mass.

Another example is the equation for dynamic pressure, or dynamic pressure is equal to one half times density times velocity squared (P=0.5 x density x V^2).

Using a lot of different laws like this can allow you to calculate certain properties, and anything an engineer creates uses equations such as these.

math is absolutely essential to science and is a prior necessity. Science cannot exist without maths. We have seen history teach us that maths developed long before science became an ingredient of society

for some unknown reason Math is the language that reliably describes the Natural world

music, poetry, art are all languages

to say " my love is like a red red rose" tells we like our (girl) fiend and think she is pretty. it does NOT mean she has thorns and green leaves

to say she has a mass of 40 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall does dell us something about her size