What kind of impact does a student native language, literacy, and culture on his second language learning?

- Native language : how linguistically similar it is to the second language will influence the length of time needed to become fluent, plus the similarity of the phonology will influence how soon the second language will be spoken without accent

- Literacy : the better you master your own language, the easier it is to learn another, especially in the analysis of grammatical structures, and in the depth of knowledge of possible cognates and loanwords

- Culture : is language learning encouraged in the native culture or not?

Just his? You only want to hear from males who have learned other languages? Or did you perhaps mean to include /her/ ?

When I was a small child, my first language [ Gaelic] influenced some pronunciation in my second language [English] - because in Gaelic, [t] and [d] are both dental plosives, whereas in English they are alveolar. Gaelic, like French , does not have the /th/ sound English has in <with> and < both> , so there is a tendency to replace it, particularly in initial position, with /t/ [French people tend to replace it with /z/ ]

I also found that a particular use of language influenced my use of my 4th language, German - where in German you say " I speak English" - ich spreche Englisch" in Gaelic you say " I have language X" [ tha ..... agam] and I found myself saying, in German, " ich habe Englisch". Which people found quite amusing.

I've never found that familiarity with the orthography of any one language influenced my spelling of others.