How did the major historical events of the 19th and 20th centuries change or give rise to new expressions of Christianity?

Application of scientific and historical discipline to the study of scriputure brought into vogue challenging ideas. Some of the earlier ones were quite wild. The reaction was both fundamentalism and acceptence of a more mature discipline as its criticism reflected on itself.

The historical-critical method is firmly established as a fundamental (sic) priniciple in scripture interpretation. It continues to be rejected by those who call themselves Fundamentalist. It was at first rejected by the Catholics, but now is accepted by them. Catholic scholars are respected in academia by non-Catholic scholars and have held important posts in scripture study institutes.

They did not......... the genuine expressions of True Christian Faith were, are, and ever will be... Firm on The Foundations of the instruction and life example of Jesus The Christ.