Will the USA ban the V W TDi -- this is against the law to tamper with EPA codes.?

i think the software that does this needs to be revised AND every licensed mechanic in every state should be required to check/install the revised software in every TDI vehicle that comes in for any reason.

I also think the owners of those vehicles should, via class action, sue VW for the fraud and deception which will result in loss of value of their vehicle. I think that suit will end up being several billion in damages.

Yes they should have to fix them. The 40 times is NOx which is created by the treatment of the exhaust more than the burning of it. It really changes one pollutant for another. NOx emissions also causes global cooling through the formation of OH groups that destroy methane molecules. I ran into this issue a long time ago to use afterburners to reduce pollutants.

They should be fined $37,500 for each vehicle not in compliance as per the law, which could add up to $18 billion in fines. However, the government will decide and VW is "too big to fail" and they'll work out some "compromise" that pleases no one.

That engine is no longer available for 2014 and beyond.

It already has.

I suspect not.