Do college students have the right to know who the correct name of the instructor who is teaching the course that they sign up for?

What do you mean by right? There is no law (in the US) regarding this. Each university has its owe policies. For private schools you are at the mercy of whatever they decide. Public schools are given rules by the state.

I can't imagine that you would find any policy that says a student is guaranteed to know the name of a professor at the time of registration (which I think is what your question is). If you are in a class and the professor doesn't want to tell you their "correct" name that would just be bizarre and how would you know whatever name they gave you is not correct?

What do you mean by right? It sounds like something had happened with a professor that you had intended to sign up for was replaced by another professor. If this is what happened, there could be any number of reasons why it did happen which can include family emergency, another job opportunity, school didn't renew their contract. They don't intentionally give you the wrong name

If you're talking about classes listed as "staff" in the schedule, there's no way to avoid that, although most schools try not to do it. Graduate teaching assistants and part-timers are often not hired until just before the semester starts. No one can guarantee that you'll always know who the instruction will be- sometimes last minute changes are made, too, for various staffing reasons.

Basically, yes, but as when the plans are published, sometimes there is no known instructor, or instructors may vary. And as far as I know from (European) college and uni, instructors tend to introduce themselves at least by name. I can't remember having had an anonymous instructor.

yes they do you have to know otherwise avoid the class

No.