programming in the field?

What is your definition of hardcode?  I define it as data that is in the program code rather than being read from a file.

if (age >= 18) status = "adult";

Here, 18, and "adult" are hardcoded.  If the program needed to be used in another country where a different age is used, and, perhaps, a different term for adult, then the actual code would need to be modified.  It's better to have a configuration file for things like that.

However, many programs are quick and dirty, so hardcoding is used.

Meanwhile, programmers do what needs to be done to get the program written.  We might not be copying and pasting from other places, but if we've done something in the past, we're likely to reuse the same code to do the same thing.  

And, using the first example, even if we're going to do some hardcoding, we might have a subroutine:

string classify (int age, int adultAge, string adultTerm, string childTerm) {

   if (age >= adultAge) status = adultTerm;

   else status = childTerm;

   return status;

}

And then the hardcoding is in the call:

   If (country == "USA") classify (ageEntered, 18, "adult", "child");

   else if (country == "XZY") classify (ageEntered, 21, "major", "minor");