Are you in danger if you get the Covid vaccine after being exposed to the virus at an earlier time?

No, indeed, you may possibly be better protected. Some research has shown that if you still have natural antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and you are vaccinated you may be better protected. This pleased me because I had COVID-19 in October 2020 so should still have antibodies and I received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine which was the one the research was done on.

No.

If you have symptoms, they will not give you the vaccine until you recover.

And then if you already have some resistance, any temporary side effects from the vaccine should be lessened, if you even have any.

(I was alternately feeling hot and cold for a few hours each the next day, but that's all - no effects or illness otherwise).

In danger how.  If you get the virus before you get the vaccine, you may get sick (or not, many people don't have any symptoms).  

The risk of side effects is very VERY low.  You have a higher risk of being hit by lightning.