Are there any brands of Android phone chargers that still work after a few weeks?

Yes.

Any reasonable quality USB power unit should work for any phone or device that charged via a USB connection.

Just get one with the appropriate connection type (USB A, USB C etc) for the phone cable.

I've got a load of the things in different places, some single outlet, some with from three to six USB outlets. 

I have never had one fail, in as long as I've been using USB charged devices.

Just don't get the cheapest nastiest ones from ebay - buy them from a high street store.

(Note the wall part is not technically a "charger", it is a 5V power supply; the actual charge control electronics are within the phone or tablet etc., which is why they can be connected to anything that provides USB power).