Will cognitive science change the way we think as much as other sciences have?

Yes, very much in the following years. Cognitive science has much to its credit already. Among other accomplishments, it has given rise to models of human cognitive bias and risk perception, and has been influential in the development of behavioral finance, part of economics. It has also given rise to a new theory of the philosophy of mathematics, and many theories of artificial intelligence, persuasion and coercion. It has made its presence firmly known in philosophy of language and epistemology - a modern revival of rationalism - as well as constituting a substantial wing of modern linguistics.

Given the sorry state of our public education system, not too many people would even know what cognitive sciences are let alone apply their discoveries. I am on a life long quest to improve my intelligence and my knowledge, so if those discoveries can improve my thinking then they will certainly change the way I think.