what are the different types of construction?

I am going to assume that you want to know about different types of single family residential construction in the USA. There are two major types.

The first is called "frame construction" and is largely accomplished using wood components. The structure rests on a concrete or masonry foundation of which there are many types. From the top of the foundation, the structural (weight bearing) portions of the house are composed of wood in the form of wooden studs, floor joists, and roof components.

The second type is "masonry construction". In this type of construction, the weight bearing structural elements of the house are either concrete or masonry. Wooden studs are often used for interior partitions that are not weight bearing or structural in nature. Roof systems are also usually composed of wood elements.

Today, frame construction is far more common than masonry construction in most parts of the country. Masonry construction still holds its own in some areas such as Florida and the desert southwest.

I hope this is the type of information you were seeking.

Good luck with your search for information.

That's a pretty broad question. One would have to know which aspect(s) you are addressing. Structural? Environmental? Building material used? Technology? Architecture?

There are really a million ways to go with this question. Perhaps state more clearly what you would like to know...