Can Photoshop (or other software) produce black-outlined, cartoon-like faces, landscapes, etc?

those look like scans. notice some of the random inconsistencies in color and line. you cant just click a few buttons and boom get these types of stylings. many many artist draw or create an artwork first on paper then bring it in to the digital relm.

As in a easy to go filter? Sorta, it has a few edge and poster filters. But they are kinda eh.

Or do you mean can you draw something like that in photoshop? Yes you can. Lots of software can do a black-outline , cartoon style. Photoshop, illustrator, corel painter, paint shop pro, gimp... You just need to know how to draw like that. ;)

For drawing on a computer I'd recommend getting a wacom tablet.

And for lineart work at 600dpi. Then bring down the resolution to 300dpi when you color it.

The Computer Cartoon Kit: All You Need to Make Your Own Comic Strips with CD-ROM by Steve Marchant has a section on how to make a self-portrait cartoon face using Photoshop. Its a great book because the CD-ROM has examples to tinker with. Check it out.

yes that's the program they use