Can a dog catch a cold or anything from a human?

No, your dog can't catch a cold from your friend. I would be getting this dog to the Vet real quick if his tongue is white! Not good at all. Since you stated that he ate 4 hours ago, is not feeling well, and that his stomach is grumbling, he may have the onset of Bloat. (Gastric Torsion) If this is the case, the dog needs immediate attention, or he will die. Please get off the computer and take the dog to the Vet. I would think that having a white tongue, in itself, would be a huge signal that something is radically wrong......(Pinscher, btw)

From all I know you can not share a cold with the dog. It just might have been the timing that makes it look like the human gave it to the dog. Remember it takes more than 2 hours to become visibly sick with a cold after you are exposed.

If he stops eating for longer than 24 hours he needs to see a vet.

Kath

Very few disease are zootonic (able to pass from humans to animals). Those that are are usually very extreme and need immediete medical attention (rabies, giardia, etc)...

No, a cold can not be passed from your room mate to your dog. But your dog does sound very sick, especially if his tongue is white. The grumbling noises, I'm not sure, but it could mean he is having a hard time breathing. Is your floor hardwood? He could be running a fever, and is using the cold hardwood floor to cool off. You need to get him to the vet ASAP

Dogs and humans are too different. Almost sicknesses are species specific. Meaning that they have adapted to a specific species. Most sicknesses are limited to either one species or species that are closely related. Like horses and donkeys. This is why you can't cach Parvo from a dog. Of course their are exceptions but they are relatively few.

it's more likely related to food (food poisoning, too much food..something he shouldn't have eaten..etc..) than a cold.

Take him to the vet.

No a cold cannot be passed from human to dog (or viceversa) and even if it could have (which I assure you it cannot), the incubation period would not be less than 24 hours prior to any symptom appearing.

No dogs can not catch human illnesses.