Need help translating Japanese Symbols?

The top two large characters mean "courage" and "loyalty" the rest of the characters coming out radially are all names (I think all, although I cannot make out everything from the photos). That it why the handwriting is different for each.

I think it's could be members of a company/battalion that have all signed their names. I'm not sure though.

I suggest you re-post you question in the Japan section, Travel>Asia Pacific>Japan, as there are quite a few native Japanese who answer there and might be able to tell you more about it. I'm sure you will get some more answers there. Names are notoriously hard to read in Japanese, especially ones written in calligraphic style, so you really need some native Japanese to look at it.

Easiest is to invite a eastern man or woman very pleasant. Even whilst you might discover a dictionary, translation will probably be very elaborate. Any individual can imply extraordinary matters relying at the order of the characters. Besides, the dictionary is devided by means of what number of strokes every individual has and that's extra elaborate then you definitely feel.