Would one math score hold me back from getting into the college i want?

First of all, I must note that it is odd that you performed so well on the Reading portion, but scored low on the English portion, since the two go hand in hand. Secondly, I must note that this university takes various things into consideration when it selects it students. If you're a multi-faceted individual who has more than the academics (volunteering, extracurricular activities, etc.) then you can go to that school. I would recommend that you study (mainly for the math section) for the SAT again and retake the test. That way, you can increase all of your subscores because the low score is definitely holding you back. I can understand why the Math section was difficult for you. The SAT words things oddly, which forces someone to use his/her critical thinking and reasoning skills. The ACT is a more straightforward test. I wouldn't recommend that for you, though, because the math section includes trigonometry.

Too much emphasis is placed on the SAT, but truly, it is only one factor out of the several factors that determine whether or not the school will accept you.

Yes, anything that does not meet the minimum admissions standards makes you ineligible. They have hundreds-thousands of applicants that the need to weed through, so the first thing that they do is to throw out applications that do not meet the requirements. Study hard and take the SAT again.