What species of spider is this?

Yes, that is a jumping spider. They will attach their silk to a surface to act as a bungee cord and then jump to another surface, or attack prey. (It saves them if they miss their target).

Usually they are tiny, and while spiders do have venom, a bite from this guy will not be dangerous.

That's a jumping spider. Not dangerous to people. Pretty good at killing insects that are smaller than it though. They make interesting pets. You'd feed 'im half swatted flies.

It's a jumping spider. They don't build webs but hunt down prey using their well developed eyesight. Jumping spiders are only dangerous to their prey.

where are you from? region is an important bit of info...but I'll see what I can find.

it could be a variety of wolf spider...but he's definitely a ground spider and not a web builder.

looks kind of like a Garden Orb Weaver, should be harmless