Can any company that you owe money to take it out of your bank account without your permission?

Nope. You would have to sign some sort of an agreement with them which allows them to setup a link with your bank account in order to withdraw a certain amount of money regularly or to make fees. If they do not have your written agreement then they would have to sue you in court for the damages.

Banks typically will make you sign an agreement when you open your account with them so that they can conveniently hit you with fees and other charges at their leisure. Other than that it is pretty rare to have an agreement like this.

Only if you have authorised them to. Ie you allowed them to do automatic withdraw. If not go to you bank and tell them the fundswere not authorised. Good luck

It can be done in one of two ways:

1. court order

2. your permission

If you have enough money in your bank why don't you pay your debts?

Only if they obtain a judgment from a court. Other than that, no.

No.