Earth science...Please help...I don't get a thing about this?

I'll take a shot at it. The cP with the arrow pointing to the right indicates a continental polar air mass moving to the right into the mT, maritime tropical air mass. The line that separates the two is a cold front. It should have black triangles pointing away from the cP air mass. The clouds that develop along the front are commonly cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. They develop in advance and slightly behind the cold front as shown in the crude diagram. So, as the cold front advances (from left to right) the clouds will move along with it. Normally the stations, (you A B C D E F and G) are located on the map, not listed across the bottom. But it could be that way seeing that the stations have increasing temperatures from left to right.