How to set up computer for USB microphone?

Bought a USB microphone so that the kids can sing karaoke using my laptop, tv, and surround sound. I am having trouble with the set-up, specifically running the output from the laptop to my surround sound receiver.

When playing strictly music from my laptop to the surround sound, I run a cord from the headphone jack on my laptop to the receiver. However, when I have the microphone plugged in, this isn't working. The only way I got it to work is to run that cord from the headphone jack on the microphone to the receiver, which works fine - but am severely limited because of the length of that cord.

Is there a way to set it up so that I can run the cord from the headphone jack on the laptop to the receiver, instead of running it from the microphone headphone jack to the receiver?