Can someone explain the Right to Petition the Goverment ?

Part of the First Amendment. The right to petition the government for redress of grievances means you can approach the federal government (Congress, mainly) with your problems you think they should address. It's like your right to free speech and free press--you don't just have to sit there and take treatment that is unacceptable. People in the 1830s and 1840s and later petitioned Congress against slavery. Later they petitioned to have more money put in circulation because the Fat Cats ruled after the Civil War. Nowadays people might petition to end aid to big banks or end oil company subsidies. Or to end the wars. Or any other issue that occurs to them.

A graduate student has explained the Right to Petition the Government at www.learntogive.org/Right to Petition.

The United States v or

Jane Doe v the united states of America etc

The what?? Hahahah no clue.