CompTIA Network+ Practice Test Question, stuck! Help?

You are configuring network addresses for your local intranet. The addresses are based on the following network address:

190.1.164.0/22

You need to configure the following subnetworks:

Network A - 300 hosts

Network B - 200 hosts

Network C - 60 hosts

Network D - 40 hosts

You want to keep the unused addresses in each subnetwork to a minimum.

Which configuration should you use

Network A - 190.1.164.0/23

Network B - 190.1.166.0/24

Network C - 190.1.167.128/26

Network D - 190.1.167.64/26

Network A - 190.1.164.0/23

Network B - 190.1.164.0/24

Network C - 190.1.166.128/26

Network D - 190.1.166.64/26

Network A - 190.1.164.0/22

Network B - 190.1.166.0/23

Network C - 190.1.167.128/26

Network D - 190.1.167.64/26

Network A - 190.1.164.0/23

Network B - 190.1.166.0/24

Network C - 190.1.167.128/26

Network D - 190.1.167.64/27

More important than the answer, I need to understand how they're arriving at this conclusion? I'm pretty sure the answer is the first configuration, but I'm totally brainfarting as to how to get there. I get how to figure out the proper # of hosts by simply taking the answers and subtracting the notation size from 256, but how did they come up with the new network addresses?