What type of architecture has an element of twisted spires?

1. Russian

http://www.richard-seaman.com/Wallpaper/Travel/Rus...

2. Art Nouveau/Jugendstil/Art Deco, as, for example, Antonin Gaudi's designs

http://0.tqn.com/d/goeurope/1/0/F/D/barcelona_gaud...

and this one:

http://mybuildingdesignz.com/wp-content/uploads/20...

3. Elvish (In Lord of the Rings)

Honorable mention should go to the Church of Saint Mary and All Saints in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. It has a very dramatically twisted and crooked spire. The spire was originally built in 1362, which makes it a Late Gothic structure. But there is disagreement about whether it was originally crooked, or this happened due to later modifications. In any case, the twist was probably not created intentionally.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_and...

St. Lambertus Basilica in Duseldorf, Germany, another Gothic church, also has a crooked spire, although its twist is less dramatic than that of the Chesterfield church. It also was probably not made crooked on purpose.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K9QkzSsonh8/T13jaEu56II/...

Another famous twisted spire is on the Borse (the old Stock Exchange building) in Copenhagen, Denmark, built in about 1625 (which makes it a Late Renaissance or Early Baroque structure). It has three dragons with tails twisted up the spire, topped by several balls and crowns. The dragons supposedly were meant to protect the building from fire and lightning. Such twisted spires are not very typical of Renaissance buildings, though.

http://t2.ftcdn.net/jpg/00/25/44/53/400_F_25445302...