Can I get unemployment if I have no transportation?

Depends on how far away the next city is.

Most people would just take a bus . . .

Possibly.

As a general rule, if you are unable to work because of lack of transportation, then you cannot get unemployment.

However, your details indicate that you are able to work within your own city, and that the real problem is the boss's demand that you work in another city. If you can work within your own city, and there is no way (buses, etc.) to get to the other city, then you might be able to get unemployment.

The determination for eligibility is up to the unemployment office. If you quit they will evaluate your specific circumstances. If the "next city" is adjacent to your current location your application for benefits will likely be denied. On the other hand, if the "next city" is 50 miles away you might be able to make the case that that is an unreasonable distance to travel.

Probably not. You need to be having this conversation with your boss; then the state employment office.

Most people hire employees that can get to work