How to find out the real age of a old wood piece?

Carbon dating could be used.

There are numerous companies on the Internet that will do carbon dating (and/or various other related dating methods) upon request and payment of a fee, including:

radiocarbon.com

c14dating.com

radiocarbon.org

For simple radiocarbon dating of common household objects, costs start above $200 per sample, and vary based on turnaround time, material, dating methods, etc.

The age of once living material can be found by comparing the amount of radioactive carbon left to he amount of nonradioactive carbon in the material.

Wood, once a tree, took in carbon dioxide at a given rate. The ratio of carbon-14 [radioactive] to carbon-12 [nonradioactive] on the earth is known. A tree takes in CO2 while living, for photosynthesis, after the tree is cut, it no longer takes in new CO2, so the ration of C-14 to C-12 changes. .

A college in the area can either do the test or will know where to get it done. There should also be at the college a history department that can tell by the style what era it i from.

Firstly, just to clarify: the Talmud is not our 'holy' text. The written Torah, the five books of Moses, is the only holy text within Judaism. The Talmud, also known as the 'oral Torah' is not holy; it is a series of volumes in which you can find discussions, debates and rulings on all matters of Jewish religious law. The Talmud illuminates and 'fleshes out' the Torah. As for the parts you cite: I am not aware that they are found within the Talmud. There is certainly nothing in the Talmud that remotely advocates nor condones child abuse!!! I suspect that those bits are from one of the websites that takes great pleasure in either downright lying about the Talmud OR in taking selected bits and tweaking words to change the entire meaning. I see others have given you links to sites with reputable translations from the Talmud, so I won't repeat those. Suffice it to say that just because those links don't specifically list the bits you are citing, does NOT mean they are in the Talmud!

If you know who it belonged to originally, you might be able to estimate its age based on when the person lived/died. Or if there is some document talking about the throne. Otherwise you probably can't figure out how old it is, and you just have an old broken chair.

ring or carbon dating is more apt to give you the age of the tree the furniture was made from, not the date of manufacture. the heartwood of a tree could be several thousand years old. your best bet is to research who made the furniture and track it down that way. look through family letters and correspondences that might make reference to it. it might have been inventoried in will and probate documents.

By the pattern of the tree rings. These patterns can vary from one climate zone to another, so it helps to know approximately where the tree grew.

By the pattern of the tree rings.