Is/was it "Neandertalensis/Neandertal" or "Neanderthalensis/Neanderthal"?

Neanderthal fossil had been found in 1856 in the Neanderthal Valley and named Homo neanderthalensis after the the place of the discovery in 1864, so before the German spelling reform of 1901.

The Neander Valley, Neandertal in modern German spelling was formerly spelled NeandertHal.

But there is a rule to never rename a species name. So:

- the hominid is still Homo neanderthalensis (colloquially the Neanderthals)

- but the valley is now Neandertal

And you should pronounce both the German way: T not TH

When the term Neanderthal was coined it had an "h" as that was German language usage at the time. Meaning Newman-valley. Later, the German language changed the spelling to reflect the current sounding of the words, which was t(h)al. So the "h" got lost. Neandertal is currently used by everybody in the world except in the USA.

Result in Google without the "h" will have been originated other than in the USA, most likely.

For instance, when I am among USA folks I use Neanderthal but in a International or European set up, I would use Neandertal. It doesn't bother me at all.

I must have missed something. I was in Germany for two years. I think modern Germans would still spell it Neanderthal and pronounce it Neandertal. In order to pronounce it correctly, I believe some wanted to remove the h so English speaker would pronounce it the same. I generally say Neanderthal with a th but know it is proper with just a "t". You can go with either.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal