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Elementary-set theory question, I really need a help with this one please!?
If A,B,C are sets prove that (A∖B)∖C⊆A∖(B∖C). Find a description of when it is that we have equality, and give an example where the inclusion is strict.
Thank you for any help!!!
2 Answers
- Anonymous8 years agoFavorite Answer
(A\B)\C ⊆ A∖(B∖C)
(A\B)\C = (A\C)\B = A\(B U C)
(A\B)\C = (A∩B’)∩ C’
=(A∩C’) ∩ (B’∩C’) … distribution
=A∩ C’ ∩ (B U C)’ … de Morgan’s law
=A∩(B UC)’ … absorption
=A\(B U C)
Because (B\C) is always smaller than or equal to (B U C) … or (B\C) ⊆ (B U C)
So A\(B U C) is always smaller than or equal to A\(B\C) … or A\(BUC) ⊆ A\(B\C)’
For examples
Ex1
A = {1, 2 ,3, 4,5} B = {2,3} C={3,5}
(A\B)\C = A\(B U C) = {1,4}
A\(B\C) = {1,4,5}
(A\B)\C ⊆ A∖(B∖C)
Ex2
A = {1, 2 ,3, 4,5} B = {2,3} C={4,5}
(A\B)\C = A\(B U C) = {1}
A\(B\C) = {1,4,5}
(A\B)\C ⊆ A∖(B∖C)
Ex3
A = {1, 2 ,3, 4,5} B = {2,3} C={}
(A\B)\C = A\(B U C) = {1,4,5}
A\(B\C) = {1,4,5}
(A\B)\C ⊆ A∖(B∖C)
- husoskiLv 78 years ago
If you can assume a universe set U (the union of all sets under consideration, or any superset of that) then set algebra makes this easy:
(A\B)\C = (A\B)â©C' = (A â© B') â© C'
Since both union and intersection are associative, I'll write multiple unions or intersections without parentheses, so (A\B)\C = A â© B' â© C'
A\(B\C) = A \ (Bâ©C') = A â© (B â© C')' = A â© (B' ⪠C) .... de Morgan's Law
= (A â© B') ⪠(Aâ©C) .... distributive property
= [(A â© B') â© (C' ⪠C)] ⪠(A â© C) .... CâªC' = U is an identity element for intersection
= (A ⩠B' ⩠C') ⪠(A ⩠B ⩠C) ⪠(A ⩠C) ... distributive again
= (A ⩠B' ⩠C') ⪠(A ⩠C) ... absorption
= [ (A\B)\C ] ⪠(A ⩠C)
This makes (A\B)\C â A\(B\C), with equality if and only if Aâ©C is empty. (i.e. when A and C are disjoint)
Without the universe set, I don't see an easier proof than considering which of the 8 cases where an arbitrary element x taken from (A\B)\C is (in/not in) A, B and/or C...and then showing that the possible cases all show that x must also be in A\(B\C).