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david
Lv 6
david asked in Science & MathematicsMathematics · 7 years ago

Probability Question?

A random number p such that 0<p<1 is selected at random from a uniform distribution U[0,1]. A biased coin is then constructed such that the probability of heads on a single flip is p (thus 1-p for a tails).

This coin is flipped twice and the result is HH. If the coin is flipped a third time, what is the probability of a third head? More precisely, what is the fair value of a lottery ticket that pays one dollar if the third flip is a head?

Update:

Yes the lottery ticket pays one dollar if the final sequence is HHH. After the sequence HH what is the value of this ticket?

I am looking for a specific answer in cents, not just "p"

Update 2:

The point of the question is: how does the fact that there have been 2 heads help you estimate p? One other point: the lottery ticket pays out either one dollar or zero dollars, not minus one dollar

Update 3:

M3: your last line seems to contradict earlier logic - should it say $0.50 ?

7 Answers

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  • 7 years ago
    Favorite Answer

    The probability of HH was p^2. The probability of HT or TH was 2p(1-p) and of TT was (1-p)^2. The fact that HH occurred makes one believe that p is greater than 1/2, but I do not know how to make an intelligent guess as to its actual value. The probability of another H is, of course, p. It seems that the other responders didn't understand your question. I understand it but don't know how to solve it.

  • cidyah
    Lv 7
    7 years ago

    Not sure of my answer:

    A = {HH} --- first two are heads

    B = {H} --- third is a head

    P(B/A) = P( B ∩ A) /P(A) = p^2 /p = p

    The probability that the third toss is a head (given that the first two are heads) is p. (If the tosses were independent, this would be p anyway).

    Amount probability

    $1 ..... ... p

    -$1 ... ... .(1-p)

    Expected value = 1(p) + (-1) (1-p) = p +p -1 = 2p-1

    2p-1 may be positive or negative depending on what p is.

    From this, you may be able to figure out the 'fair' value of the ticket.

  • Does the wording imply that the ticket will win the lottery only if the result is HHH?

    If so, P(HHH) = p^3

    $1 ... p^3

    -$1....1-p^3

    EV = 1(p^3) + (-1) (1 - p^3) = p^3 + p^3 - 1 = 2 p^3 -1 = 0 if p^3 = 1/2 or p = $1/8

    Too much ambiguity.

    Source(s): When is the ticket bought? Before the first toss? After the second toss?
  • M3
    Lv 7
    7 years ago

    ok, the ticket pays $1 if the 3rd is head, 0 otherwise.

    the result of the 3rd toss is clearly independent, thus P(win) = p

    now average value of p = ∫ p dp, p= 0 to 1 = 1/2

    ie a 50:50 chance, so fair price = $1 <--------

    your AD

    -----------

    "pays one dollar", I took it as what is paid in addition to the stake.

    if it is total amount paid, the fair price is $0.50

  • Anonymous
    7 years ago

    probability of a third head = p

    because the result of the third toss does not depend on the previous tosses.

  • Anonymous
    6 years ago

    You don't accept email so the only way I can figure out how to communicate with you is to answer one of your other questions. I wanted to let you know that I calculated the probabilities you were looking for in https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20141...

  • 7 years ago

    propabbly p always as it doent depend on previous tosses

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