Explanation of keys, scales, modes, and roots?

I don't believe you researched this online. That's B S.

I Goggled guitar scales, and on my first keystroke got this:

http://www.all-guitar-chords.com/guitar_scales.php

Google the other things you mentioned and you'll find what you need.

You're just lazy, that's all.

I know his isn't what you want, but no one is going to be able to explain these terms here as an "answer" to a "question". Anyone trying to do so is either going to confuse you totally or write, in terms of length, the equivalent to a book!

You don't say what you are learning guitar from but your teacher or book etc. should explain these terms as they come along. They are not things that can be "added on" to learning the guitar, not things to be learnt separately, they are essential parts of learning to play an instrument.

Edit: the person who already answered your question doesn't understand these terms either. Their link leads to a site which is meant to show you how to play particular scales, where the notes are, it doesn't explain the concept.