Under current U.S. Treaty is there any reason why fiction writers can't write about the Native American culture?

If there is, it would be classified as official government censorship by any civil-rights lawyer out there; as writers' topics are expressly protected under the First Amendment.

In other words, I'd like to see the US try to stop us.

An education professor once gave us prospective teachers all semester to conclude if there were any subject we would NEVER discuss in a public-school classroom. I came up with nothing-- NO subject I would not discuss with public-school students (that is, minors) during instructional time. And I kept with that throughout my career.

I believe the same can & should be said about topics to write about. Nothing, handled responsibly, should be off-limits as a topic for a novel. The rest is up to the craft and morality of the writer.

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Tony Hillerman, Sherman Alexie & Louise Erdrich would be in trouble if this were true. It helps to have a thorough understanding of your setting & that includes the cultural milieu anything published will go through a legal screening by the publisher's lawyers. If you self publish, defaming a corporation or person could find you in court.

There is no legal reason you cannot write about Native American people.

However, many European Americans have attempted to do this and failed miserably. A few European Americans have tried to pass themselves as Native American writers. This has not always ended well. There are many diverse Native American cultures and few European Americans know enough about any one of them to write intelligently about them. Tony Hillerman is a fraud. Sherman Alexie really is a Native American. So is Erdrich.

Why, did someone arrest you for the nonsense you've been writing recently?

what does a US treaty have to do with writing? nothing.

what you shouldn't do is use their image like the Red Skins do, because that just ticks them off.

What do you know about their culture?

None.