what types of pedals/amps are best used for punk rock/alt punk type music?

Depends on your preference, I use only one peddle which is basically a guitar synth with built in FX processor. Covers all the bases so to say, although you'll need a special pickup and hardware in the guitar to make all this happen, On the flip side with my standard guitars I rely entirely on the amp for my distortion, reverb, gain, and presence , and with 3 channels I have 3 choices between clean, dirty, and really dirty I can switch between with a foot switch, Although I could add a standard FX peddle to the mix and switch it on or off using the foot peddle I choose not to, I have other guitars and processors if I feel the need, I played a lot of Punk back in the late 70's early 80's and I used some pretty crappy stuff as that's all I could afford, Kinda what gave it its charm and signature sound back then I suppose, It was a learning experiance and gave me the opportunity to discover new stuff and develop a preference as I made more money and could afford better gear, So its really not what's best, its what you like and can afford. This journey isn't over till your dead, try everything you can

Types Of Pedals

Early punks played with really cheap equipment because they spent most of their extra money on drugs. Just crank up the volume of the amp which creates its own gain in the power section of tube amps.

A distortion pedal, a delay pedal, a fuzz pedal and a wah pedal will cover most ground if you want to use pedals.

Marshall amp!

I had a Grunge pedal once and it was a really loud, rip-roaring tone that I think would be perfect for punk.