What are 5 reasons that there is a tourism deficit in Canada in 2003?

Canada was expensive for a US Visitor. The major tourist group to Canada.

At that time tourism increased from Europe and Asia it did not compensate fully for the drop in USA visitors.

Also at this time started the requirement of having a passport to cross the Border. MOST Americans did not have a Passport.

About 20% of US Citizens had a Passport at that time.

There was general drop in USA Travel due to 9/11 events. In particular from Business travel.

2003 57,642,868 Passport Holders

2015 125,907,176 Passport Holders

When you are speaking about the past, the word is -was-.

In 2003, the US $ cost a Canadian about $1.37 Cdn. That kind of an exchange rate would depress the rate at which Canadians travel south for tourism.