Can use a donut tire from a Honda civic on a Ford focus?

No, they are not magical, they don't just adjust to fir any car.

Not all cars have the same number and spacing of lug nuts. If those don't match, nothing else matters. If they do, anything should work long enough to drive directly to a shop for a proper repair.

Edit: I just found out a Civil has 4 lug nuts, and a Taurus has 5. That means the donut for the civil won't attach to the Taurus.