How does a doctor check your ovaries?

They do a manuel exam during a pap smear by inserting several lubricated fingers into the vagina and one hand on top of your pelvis. They really should not be able to feel them very well if at all. They are the size of almonds and are not nearly the size of testicles as most women believe. The best way to see them without exploratory surgery is by ultrasound. Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer in women because there is really no way of knowing there is a problem until it is too late. There is currently no way to screen for it. There are a couple of DNA tests like BRCA, but that is only for people who have a large family history of having that cancer.

Either by pressing on your abdomen to feel them, or with an ultrasound.

Ultrasound, usually.