Once a person gets the coronavirus is that person gone?

Not by a long shot. A very small percentage of people who catch the virus end up dying, about one and one-half percent, so you're 98.5% safe.

Friend currently in the United States the death rate from the coronavirus is 1.8% fatality among those people that catch the virus. The other 98% survive and recover. This is by no means the great Spanish influenza of 1917. although that was a terrible plague that killed about 1/3 of the people that caught it people on planet Earth survive just fine.

Gone where? If you mean will they die due to virus, then that depends on their age, pre virus health condition, whether or not the virus effects them badly, and the medical treatment they receive, if any. Good luck.

Nope, many have recovered, but with limited lung capacity

No.  Most healthy people recover.   Only old people that those with health conditions need to stay inside and be careful.