Will a not-at-fault insurance claim affect me in the future?

It depends 100% on your individual company.

Well you say you were not at fault, but you don't say how the accident happened.   In California not at fault accidents do not count as points on your DMV record. 

But that varies by state.  You would have to post your state for the correct answer.  And, rules vary by insurance company too.    You would have to ask your insurance agent or company. 

Not true. Accidents under $2,000 are not chargeable to anyone. Accidents not your fault are not chargeable.

Basically, There is no such thing as a not at fault accident.  Basically, someone is ALWAYS at fault.  Basically nobody here can possibly know if your rate will double in size if you basically make another basic claim......

Basically.

The "Basically" generation;  trying to impress using the big "Basically" word.

If you are not at fault, they cannot hold the claim against you. If they do, find another insurance company.

Unless your vehicle is insured under a fleet / commercial policy, no.  Your friend is wrong.  That happens a lot.

Car insurers in the civilized world follow one general rule:  If the accident was the other vehicle's fault, it doesn't affect your rates.  (Different rules for commercial vehicles, this applies to personal use)  You can be involved in ten accidents that were the other vehicle's fault, and your accident-free rating won't be affected.  

But there's a kick, because cops and vehicle owners don't decide who was at fault for what in an accident.  Insurance companies do, and people often disagree with their decisions, because who wouldn't.  Insurance companies are allowed (it says so right in the contract) to accept liability for accidents on behalf of their customers, and they do it all the time.

People will tell you about how their insurance rates went up, even though the accident was totally not their fault.  The reality, however, is that the accident was their fault (at least partially), and they refuse to accept that decision.  And who can blame them.  Lemmy show you a couple of really common scenarios...

1) You're driving along, minding your own business, when suddenly you're blinded by fog or snow or rain, or your tires hit a slippery patch and lose traction, causing you to crash.  Or maybe an animal dashes out in front of you, causing you to swerve and hit something.  Or some idiot changes lanes right beside you without signalling, you lose control and hit the guard-rail, and he drives off as if nothing happened.  In all of those situations, you did absolutely nothing illegal or even wrong, so you shouldn't be held at fault, right?  Wrong.  Every one of those accidents would be settled as 100% your fault.  You didn't do anything wrong, you're just legally responsible for the crash.  Nobody ever said the law was always fair.

2) You're sitting a red light, you wait until it turns green, and proceed through the intersection.  The other idiot blows a solid red and takes out your front end.  When the cops arrive, the other guy insists he had a green and you ran the red.  Nobody else saw it happen and nobody has clear video footage, so it's your word against his.  Both insurance companies can't verify anyone's story, so they agree to settle it 50-50 (everyone at fault) and move on to the next one.  Because it's not worth paying to battle it out in court.

Your friend is wrong, premiums don't go up if you were in an accident that wasn't your fault.

i would ask your insurance company