other than things like "-san" and "-kun, and the word "Nakama", what are some nuisances lost when looking English translation of Japanese?

Lots of things are lost when Japanese is translated into English.

For example, English has only one first person pronoun, which is "I".  Japanese, on the other hand, has lots of words meaning "I".

Ore, Boku, Watashi, Watakushi, Atashi, Uchi, Oira, Wagahai.  They all mean the same, "I" (or "me"), but are used in different situations.

Ore wa Nihonjin da.

Boku wa Nihonjin da.

Watashi wa Nihonjin desu.

Watakushi wa Nihonji desu.

Atashi wa Nihonjin desu.

Uchi wa Nihonjin da.

Oira wa Nihonjin da.

Wagahai wa Nihonji de aru.

They all sound different to the Japanese, but all of them are simply translated as "I am Japanese."

Japanese can infer the relationship from which pronouns are used, but this nuance is completely lost when translated into English.