The claws need to be trimmed a bit, but don't cut the quick.
Get a plastic sweater box or a large cardboard box and fill it with foam packing peanuts or uncooked elbow macaroni (uncooked rice is too hard to clean up) and make sure the depth is over 5" deep. Let the ferret play in that, it's called a dig box.
The ferret is exercising and trying to dig. You need to provide alternate fun, safe ways to do the same thing. I know of some people who use a small kid's wading pool and put in two big bags of potting soil and let their ferrets go nuts that way, but the clean up on the ferrets (and around edges of the pool) is a bit messy.
Go to Youtube, type in 'ferret dig box' and you'll see how much ferrets love these things. You can also go to Goodwill, buy up a bunch of pants and cut the legs off, sewing each leg end to end to make a fabric tunnel for them, with side branches if you like. They like that too.
Here's a good one https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttRMs6rIlPo They keep the cover on since this is rice, and have a plastic tube coming out of it. All handmade.
I also use the Spot Bot on *accidents* (of all kinds with 5 dogs and 3 kids under the age of 11 lol) and 3 to 4 times a year, I had a pro cleaner come in and do my carpets. I haven't found a carpet cleaner that works that well in my house.
You could put down rugs where they dig. You would need to replace them but the carpet would be safe. You could put down vinyl or linoleum. You could put down those desk chair mats http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=desk+chair+mats You can try giving them a bunch of fabric or a blanket to dig in. Would be more similar to carpet and I know my ferrets love digging in fabric.