Ffor example 124.0.112.64, what does each part of the IP address is related to?

An IP address is made up of a series of four binary numbers, from 0 to 255. In the old, old days 8 bits was all a computer could process, so they chose four 8-bit numbers. (Your computer reads these as a series of 1's and 0's ex: 10101101. You see them as decimal numbers, 0-255). The first number is used to determine whether the IP address is Class A, B, C, etc. The next three numbers are used to give unique addresses to specific networks, subnetworks or individual computers.

A subnet mask, which "masks" some of the binary numbers, is used with these four numbers to make routing more efficient. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 would allow a computer to ignore the first three numbers of the address, and look only for the last one...

if you are asking you have no business in knowing