""No skill in the world can penetrate the future""?

It means that no matter how skilled you are, you cannot predict the future.

The future is not set in stone, and predictions are only information about things that might happen if nothing is done to change the way things are going.

a skill is something you learn to do, like reading, or throwing or catching a ball. You practice and get better over time.

the future is not accessible to us, to our minds.

No matter what skill you practice, you still can't see what the future would hold.

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if you wanted to be argumentative, you COULD counter with the idea that being pre-cognitive is a talent, not a skill, and IF this talent exists, these people could see/know/penetrate the future.

I'm supposing that it means no ability will determine the future for sure.

Nothing will definately be able to access the future and predict it

Life is complex. No matter how much you know, you don't know enough to predict the future to any significant degree.