The simplest aromatic amine is called what?

Aniline.

It's a benzene ring with a -NH2 group coming off of it. It is an 1° aromatic amine.

C6H5NH2

Wikipedia definition of amine:

An aromatic amine is an amine with an aromatic substituent - that is -NH2, -NH- or nitrogen group(s) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon, whose structure usually contains one or more benzene rings. Aniline is an example.

An interesting followup question is whether or not pyridine should also be considered an aromatic amine.

Pyridine

An organic heterocyclic compound containing a triunsaturated six-membered ring of five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.

The difference is that the Nitrogen group is incorporated into the aromatic ring. In this case, the Nitrogen group is attached to two aromatic Carbons. Is this also an aromatic amine? Why not?

Pyrrole is aromatic. It's molecular formula is C4H5N. It is cyclic like benzene, but the nitrogen is actually part of the ring. It follows Hückel's rule for aromaticity by donating its pair of pi electrons to the pi field (4n+2). Each carbon donates 1 and nitrogen donates 2 for a total of 6 pi electrons (n=1 in this case and therefore the simplest).

Follow-up for Dr. Cotton: Pyridine is aromatic. The nitrogen participates in the delocalized double bond (has no hydrogen attached). It donates one pi electron and the system follows Hückel's rule with 6 pi electrons like pyrrole.

Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. It is an organic chemical compound, specifically an aryl amine, consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group.

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