How many colours in a rainbow, what are they and do they always come in the same order?

The seven colors in a rainbow are always in the following order,

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

Violet. ( VIBGYOR )

Its a strange fact that the white sunlight is not a single light it contains lights of 7 different wavelengths when it is broken up by water, prism or any diffracting medium it splits into its original components and we can then see them appearing in order. Good Luck.

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The wikipedia page describes the mechanism of the rainbow. (The explanation is accurate but not very readable.) Essentially when light hits a drop of water most is reflected and refracted so it comes back at an angle of about 42° to the original direction. So when the sun is shining while it is raining, if you stand with your back to the sun and look 42° away from the shadow of your head you will see the light reflected back at you by thousands of rain drops. That is the rainbow. If you fly a plane above the clouds you may see a complete circle, radius 42°, in the clouds below. Why the colors? Well when light is refracted, red bends less than violet. Consequently you see red at an angle of 42° but violet is at a smaller angle (a bit over half a degree less). So you see a band of red at 42° and a band of violet at about 41° with the other colors between. Each color bends the same amount every time so the colors of the primary rainbow are always in the same order. Red is on the outside merging into yellow, then green, blue and violet. If the rainbow is particularly strong and clear you may also see orange between red and yellow and cyan between green and blue. That is the primary rainbow. Very often there is a secondary rainbow outside this at an angle of about 50°. This is formed by two reflections within the rain drops and the colors are reversed. In the secondary bow blue is on the outside followed by green yellow with red on the inside. Because the secondary bow is faint you don't normally see the violet, cyan and orange. Do you always see the same colors? No. As I said you only see orange and cyan if the rainbow is particularly bright. In the secondary rainbow you sometimes don't even see the blue because it fades into the surrounding sky. Also if you see a rainbow in the evening when the sun is red, then you get a rainbow with bright red but the blue and violet are too faint to be seen. Apparently you can get a rainbow which is a pure red band with no other color. I've never seen this but I have seen a rainbow that was only red, orange and yellow. The greens and blues were missing. Just once I've seen a moon bow. That is a rainbow seen by the light of the moon. These are rare. You need a full moon in clear sky behind you with heavy rain in front. This appeared to me as a band of gray - no colors. The reason was that the light level was too low for me to see any colors. (You need a decent amount of light to trigger your color vision - at night everything is gray.) The colors were there but I couldn't see them.

This is just a theory that seems to be true. A rainbow is actually a full circle whose bottom half or so is blocked by the horizon. For you to see a rainbow, you need to be looking at the raindrop a certain way in sunlight. Then the light refracts to a large circle in all the colours. Unfortunately, human eyes are limited to visible light and so we only see the seven colours. If you want me to prove the full circle effect, climb a waterfall in broad sunlight.

There's about six basic colors that are seen with refracted white light from a prism. Violet, blue, green, yellow, orange and red in that order. The refraction also occurs with a light mist falling from the sky in front of you and the sunlight behind. A secondary rainbow above the first will show the reverse color sequence.

There are seven (7) coulours in a rainbow. The Codename is (ROYGBIV) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The always come in the same order.

ROY G BIV

7-red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

always in the same order

As stated in other answers, there are 7 colors in the rainbow. Simply put:The water droplets in the air act like tiny prisms. The "white" light we see is actually made up of a combination of different colors.So when the light passes thru these tiny prism droplets at the proper angle it breaks the white light into its basic color components (its color spectrum).