Can anyone explain, in layman's terms, if these sentences are correct. If not what is wrong with them?

These sentences are technically correct. In written uses, they would be understandable. But their syntax (the word order) is off a bit for the common usage. In each of these examples, one would most commonly hear the opening phrase at the end of the sentence rather than the beginning, especially with the last one. (It isn't uncommon to start a sentence with a prepositional phrase, but the last sentence construction is unusual.)

The instructions must be followed closely to obtain the best results.

Bill's convertible was sold to pay his debts.

A good desk is needed to study properly.

He spent three hours reading a book.

1. For best results, instructions must be followed closely.

2. To pay off his debt, Bill sold his convertible or Bill sold his convertible to pay off his debt.

3. In order to study properly, one needs a good desk or A good desk is needed in order to study properly.

4. He spent three hours reading a book.

I think the sentences are simpler and clearer if you switched the 1st half of each one and put it in the back.

For example:

"The instruct. must be foll. closely to obtain the best res."

OR

"Bill's conv. was sold to pay his debts."

The other two sound better that way also. I don't know if it is more correct one way or the other.

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4- he spent three hours reading a book