Total matter and energy of the universe?

At present, the density of ordinary baryons and radiation in the universe is estimated to be equivalent to about one hydrogen atom per cubic metre of space:

- only about 4% of the total energy density in the universe (as inferred from gravitational effects) can be seen directly

- about 22% is thought to be composed of dark matter

- the remaining 74% is thought to consist of dark energy distributed diffusely in space

The existence of dark energy, in whatever form, is needed to reconcile the measured geometry of space with the total amount of matter in the universe. Measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, most recently by the WMAP satellite, indicate that the universe is very close to flat.

For the shape of the universe to be flat, the mass/energy density of the universe must be equal to a certain critical density. The total amount of matter in the universe (including baryons and dark matter), as measured by the CMB, accounts for only about 26% of the critical density. This implies the existence of an additional form of energy to account for the remaining 74%.

Two proposed forms for dark energy are Einstein's cosmological constant and scalar fields (dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space).

The size of the universe and its rate of inflation implies a certain total amount of mass/energy. (Let's call it a gazillion tons for convenience).

If there was MORE than a gazillion tons, then the universe would not have continued expanding at the current rate. The additional mass would have exerted more gravitational pull on all the other mass and the universe would have slowed it's expansion.

If there was LESS than a gazillion tons, the universe would have expanded quicker and further due to less gravity.

However, when scientists look for energy and mass in the universe, they find there's less than a gazillion tons; only 29% of a gazillion tons in fact, that is visible.

So they ASSUME that the balance is dark matter - ie its gravitational effect can be felt, but it can't be seen.

Because astronomers and physicists came to the realisation that matter does not have to exist in a form which glows bright enough to be seen. Similarly - most stars are not the same as our Sun, most stars are small red dwarf or brown dwarf variety, more closely resembling Jupiter than our Sun. I think there were simulations and calculations done on the expansion and spin of galaxies, and it was found that the only way to account for the known patterns would be for dark matter to exist surrounding the space between the galaxies, thereby exerting a gravitational effect. See the link below for the difference between the models with and without dark matter.

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My understanding is that the total amount of matter required to generate the amount of gravity which exists in the Universe is short. Dark matter is postulated to contribute the remaining mass which accounts for the behaviour of the observable universe. 71% dark matter is what is calculated to make up the shortfall

there is no unfavorable mass, yet there is unfavorable means, specifically gravitational means means. the completed mass of the Universe is 0 if the geometry is "flat". cutting-edge measurements point out that the geometry is flat to a intense degree of accuracy (with a % or so). So confident, the completed technique of the Universe must be 0.

Some grossly oversimplified math here..just working it out..

non relativistic..for limiting expansion to infinity universe..

v(escape)=sqrt(2*G*M/R)..Hubble const > v=H*R

>H^2*R^2=2*G*M/R..>M= H^2*R^3/(G*2)..where R=13.8B ly and H=2.3x10^-18/sec..> M=1.67x10^53Kg..or about 10^80 proton masses. The density should be M/Vol=(H^2*R^3/2*G)*3/(4*pi* R^3 ) = 3*H^2/ (8*pi*G) for limiting expansion case

=5.67 proton masses/m^3. If the OBSERVED density of matter barythings, neuterthingys etc only corresponds to 1proton/m^3..then mass deficit due to dark matter=(5.67-1)/5.67=about 80%..oh well..back to drawing board..

Hi. This theory is an attempt to explain the effects that have already been observed. 71% fit the number. This theory will be heavily modified in my opinion.

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Educated Guess lol. They cant make a prediction that big.