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The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston. The area is now in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the 50 United States.

Prior to 1753, England and its colonies used the Julian calendar, and the dates for all events in England and its colonies are reported using this calendar, unless specified otherwise. When using the Julian calendar, all dates from January 1 to March 22 must be reported using the "double date" notation, such as 1628/2

[edit] Previous nearby settlements

Given the overlapping land patents that various colonial groups obtained from English kings and companies, and later consolidation of territory into the Thirteen Colonies, several pre-existing groups would later become directly involved in the history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

The Virginia Company of Plymouth was granted land from the 38th parallel to the 45th as part of the Virginia Charter in 1607. The only settlement, the Popham Colony (at the mouth of the Kennebec River in present-day Maine) was abandoned 1608. Land south of the 41st parallel (south of about Long Island Sound) was awarded to the sister Virginia Company of London, which had previously held joint claim to this territory.

In 1607, the territory of the defunct "Plymouth Company" was reorganized under the Plymouth Council for New England. King James I granted a charter for all the lands in America between 40° North and 48° N, "throughout the Maine Land from Sea to Sea." This included everything from the middle of present-day New Jersey in the south to present-day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the north.

Later in 1620, a group of settlers who wanted to separate from the Church of England, now referred to as the Pilgrims, sailed from England on the Mayflower and independently founded the Plymouth Colony on land owned by the Plymouth Council. The Pilgrims originally were going to go to "Virginia" (land granted to the Virginia Company of London on what is now called Long Island Sound), but due to violent storms and trouble sailing south along the coast, they ended up in Cape Cod Bay. The first settlement of the colony is now the site of Plymouth, Massachusetts.

The writing of the Mayflower Compact and the founding of the Plymouth Colony are taught in the United States as seminal events in the history of the nation. But it was the Massachusetts Bay Colony and its successors around the Salem and Boston areas which would come to dominate the New England region in population and economic strength. And it was Massachusetts Bay that would give its name to the Province of Massachusetts when it absorbed Plymouth and other neighboring colonies in 1691-1692.

[edit] Predecessor companies

The 1623 Sheffield Patent allocated Cape Ann to Robert Cushman, Edward Winslow, and their associates. During the winter of 1623-1624, John White and the Dorchester Company settled on this land at Stage Point (in present-day Gloucester, Massachusetts). In 1625, they invited Roger Conant to run the fishing colony.[1] They were joined by some members of the Plymouth Colony.[2]By 1626, the attempted had failed. Most colonists returned to England, but Conant led about 20 to Naumkeag[3](which was renamed Salem in 1629[4]), where they set up a trading post.

The bankrupt Dorchester Company (in 1627?) was then superseded by the New England Company (which had overlapping membership).[5] The Company received a land patent from the Plymouth Council for New England extending from the Merrimack River to the Charles River plus three miles on either side.[6]

John Endecott led a group of Puritan settlers to Salem, and served as governor from their arrival on September 6, 1628 until John Winthrop was elected the next governor.

The "Massachusetts Bay Company" replaced both of these when the Puritans were able to convert the patents into a royal charter on 4 March 1628/29, which styled them the "Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England".[7]John Winthrop was the second governor of this company.

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