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A very sadistic geometry question?

Warning: Not for the faint of heart.

I have a right triangle with a hypotenuse of length 4. I connect the triangle's incenter, hypotenuse midpoint, and right-angled vertex with three line segments, forming a smaller triangle within the main triangle.

What is the smallest of the three angles of the main triangle when the smaller triangle's area is maximized? Additionally, what is the maximized area of this smaller triangle?

It is around 20 degrees, but I'm looking for exact algebraic solutions.

2 Answers

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  • Dr D
    Lv 7
    1 decade ago
    Favorite Answer

    Let's label the triangle A, B, C with A being the right angle.

    D = incenter

    E = midpoint of BC

    angle ABC = θ

    BC = 4, BE = CE = 2

    AD = r√2

    AE = 2

    where r = radius of incircle

    angle EAD = 45 - θ

    So far area of EAD = 1/2 * AD * AE * sin(EAD)

    = r*(cosθ - sinθ)

    Let F be the point along AC where the incircle intersects AC.

    Triangle DFC is right angled, such that

    angle DCF = 45 - θ/2

    DF = r, CF = 4sinθ - r

    r / (4sinθ - r) = tan(45-θ/2) = (1 - tanθ/2) / (1+tanθ/2)

    From this

    r = 2 sinθ * (1 - tanθ/2)

    and area

    A = 2sinθ*(cosθ - sinθ) * (1 - tanθ/2)

    Now we need to set dA/dθ = 0 and solve.

    At this point, there is a way to simplify the half angle part.

    tan(x) = 2tan(x/2) / (1 - tan^2 (x/2))

    From this we can obtain

    tan(x/2) = (1 - cosx) / sinx

    1 - tan(x/2) = (sinx + cosx - 1) / sinx

    Now A = 2*(cos2θ + sinθ - cosθ)

    dA/dθ = 2*(-2sin2θ + cosθ + sinθ) = 0

    Of course you could set y = sinθ, then end up with a quartic equation in y. But I'm looking for another trick that can help us solve this. So far no luck. A numerical solution yields θ = 19.91 degrees.

    The quartic equation in y = sinθ is

    16y^4 - 8y^3 - 14y^2 + 8y - 1 = 0

    *EDIT*

    OK thanks to Duke for a little help on this one.

    cosθ + sinθ = 2sin2θ

    (cosθ + sinθ)^2 = 4(sin2θ)^2

    1 + sin2θ = 4(sin2θ)^2

    sin2θ = (1 + √17)/8

    θ = (1/2)*arcsin[(1 + √17)/8]

  • 1 decade ago

    let the hypotenuse lie on x-axis, from (0,0) to (4,0).

    also the smallest angle be x, situated at (4,0).

    right-angled vertex, RAV's coordinate

    = ((4/2)(1-cos2x) , (4/2)sin2x)

    = (2-2cos2x , 2sin2x)

    side opposite (0,0)'s length

    = 4cosx

    side opposite (4,0)'s length

    = 4sinx

    incenter's coordinate

    = ([4*4sinx+4(2-2cos2x)]/[4(sinx+cosx+1)] , [4*2sin2x]/[4(sinx+cosx+1)])

    = ([4sinx+2-2cos2x)]/[sinx+cosx+1] , [2sin2x]/[sinx+cosx+1])

    = (4sinx(sinx+1)/[sinx+cosx+1] , 4sinx(cosx)/[sinx+cosx+1])

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