Cell division, mutations, and genetic variability.?

Basically the genetic variation is caused by crossing-over, which happens during prophase of meiosis. Crossing-over results in the combination of different genes. Remember that during prophase of meiosis, homologous chromosomes come near each other making recombination possible.

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1.) In meiosis, various processes that results in new combinations of genes occur, namely crossing-over and independent assortment of the chromosomes during metaphase I. These produces gamete cells with new combinations of genes. These cells then randomly fertilizes with another gamete. Hence, variation occurs. 2.) Albinism, a disease due to the mutation of a recessive gene that controls the production of melanin, the colour pigment of the skin. People with albinism has white skin and pink eyes. The offsprings of people with albinism only inherit the disease if the recessive gene is present in his or her karyotype.